Necessity too is of two kinds. It may work in accordance with a
thing's natural tendency, or by constraint and in opposition to it;
as, for instance, by necessity a stone is borne both upwards and
downwards, but not by the same necessity.
Of the products of man's intelligence some are never due to chance
or necessity but always to an end, as for example a house or a statue;
others, such as health or safety, may result from chance as well.
It is mostly in cases where the issue is indeterminate (though
only where the production does not originate in chance, and the end is
consequently good), that a result is due to an end, and this is true
alike in nature or in art. By chance, on the other hand, nothing comes
to be for an end.
12
The effect may be still coming to be, or its occurrence may be past
or future, yet the cause will be the same as when it is actually
existent-for it is the middle which is the cause-except that if the
effect actually exists the cause is actually existent, if it is coming
to be so is the cause, if its occurrence is past the cause is past, if
future the cause is future.
Pages:
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137